Abstract: The following article is a brief analysis of the contemporary forms of irrationalism according to its two basic aspects: on the one hand under the form of "new religions", such as esoterism, neopaganism, or the "new age"; on the other hand under the form of a religious revival following the line of the "classic" monotheistic religions, which today often assumes the form of an aggressive religious fundamentalism. Special emphasis is given to the second case. After pointing the historic correlation between the monotheistic idea itself and the formation of the national state, we propose that religious fundamentalism can and must be regarded as a belated nationalism. Furthermore, we point out the various and intersecting expressions of this very phenomenon, starting from European colonialism and its racist ideologies, passing through Zionism, and concluding to Islamic fundamentalism and the Greek "neo-orthodoxy". Finally, we attempt to show the inherent mechanism of all forms of irrationalism, in which the "scientific" ideologies as well as instrumental reason itself must be additionally included.
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